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19-0370; Rev 0; 2/95
Quadrature Digitizer Circuits
_______________General Description
The MAX2100 family of quadrature digitizers offers complete solutions to digital demodulation problems. The flagship of the MAX2100 family is the MAX2101 6bit Quadrature Digitizer. The subcircuits derived from the MAX2101 provide excellent starting points for the RF IC designer to develop components that bridge the gap between existing RF downconverters and CMOS digital signal processors. Each MAX2100 subcircuit comes with a detailed schematic, TEKSPICE or PSPICE netlist, models, and GDSII layout for incorporation in your own custom ASIC design. These subcircuits can be used separately or in combination to produce complete demodulation and digitization components for intermediate frequencies (IF) ranging from 70MHz to 700MHz, and for base bandwidths to 80MHz*. All are powered by a +5V supply, and are implemented in Maxim's proprietary GST-1 wafer fabrication process with NPN fT = 13GHz. Maxim does not guarantee specifications or fitness for use of these subcircuits in your custom ASIC. The subcircuits are intended to demonstrate Maxim's process and design capability, and to provide circuit designers with a "head start" in developing their own ASIC. Operation of these subcircuits in a customer-designed ASIC is the responsibility of the customer.
____________________________Features
o Operation at IFs from 70MHz to 700MHz* o Precision Quadrature Demodulation (1, 0.2dB typ Mismatch, f = 650MHz) o Matched Active Filters with Electronically Variable Cutoff from 10MHz to 30MHz o 40dB of AGC Range o High-Speed 6-Bit ADCs with 5.8 (typ) Effective Bits (fIN = 30MHz, fC = 120Msps) and 200MHz Input Bandwidth
MAX2100 Subcircuits
______________Ordering Information
PART X21nnPFD X21nnPFT X21nnPTT X21nnPHT X21nnPLT X21nnPET X21nnTFT X21nnTTT X21nnTHT X21nnTLT X21nnTET SIMULATOR PSPICE PSPICE PSPICE PSPICE PSPICE PSPICE TEKSPICE TEKSPICE TEKSPICE TEKSPICE TEKSPICE MEDIUM 3.5" Floppy 3.5" Floppy Tape 9-track 6250 bpi 9-track 1600 bpi Electronic mail 3.5" Floppy Tape 9-track 6250 bpi 9-track 1600 bpi Electronic mail FORMAT DOS TAR TAR TAR TAR TAR TAR TAR TAR TAR TAR
________________________Applications
Recovery of PSK and QAM Modulated RF Carriers Direct-Broadcast Satellite (DBS) Systems Television Receive-Only (TVRO) Systems Cable Television (CATV) Systems
The MAX2100 cells are available in the above formats to customers who have purchased a GST-1 ASIC Start-Up Package and signed Maxim's Non-Disclosure Agreement.
_______________________________________________________________Block Diagram
6
I OUT
X2114
IF IN 0 -90 400MHz to 700MHz LO
X2112
X2118
X2116
MAX2101*
6
Q OUT
X2111
X2114
fc = 10MHz to 30MHz A/D CLOCK 60MHz
X2113
*AVAILABLE AS A STANDARD PRODUCT. SEE MAX2101 DATA SHEET FOR SPECIFICATIONS AND ORDERING INFORMATION.
*VCO and Quadrature Generator limited to 400MHz to 700MHz
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
1
Call toll free 1-800-998-8800 for free samples or literature.
Dual Balanced Demodulator MAX2100 Subcircuits
_____________________Block Diagram
I LO IN
____________________________Features
o Wide Output Bandwidth (>80MHz) o Matched Demodulation to 700MHz o 10dB Conversion Gain
I RF IN
I BB OUT
_________________________Description
X2111
Q RF IN Q BB OUT
Q LO IN
The X2111 Dual Balanced Demodulator cell comprises two Gilbert-cell, double-balanced mixers. In combination with the X2118 precision quadrature generator, the X2111 provides precise quadrature demodulation of QPSK and QAM modulated carriers to 700MHz. Cell Dimensions: 2 x [300m x 230m]
X2111 DUAL BALANCED DEMODULATOR
KEY ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(TA = 0C to +70C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER VCC = 5.0V 5V LO Input Frequency Output Baseband Gain Flatness I/Q Amplitude Imbalance I/Q Phase Imbalance Noise Figure Conversion Gain Input Third-Order Intercept Supply Current Output Bandwidth M(I/Q) (I/Q) NF A IIP3 ICC f-3dB 80 fLO 5Hz to 20MHz fLO = 650MHz fLO = 650MHz fLO = 650MHz fLO = 650MHz fLO = 650MHz 10 +10 18 400 700 0.4 0.4 1.5 15 MHz dB dB dB dB dBm mA MHz SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
PORT LIST
PORT NAME VCC (I/Q) BIAS (I/Q) VEE (I/Q) IP (I/Q) IPB (I/Q) DESCRIPTION +5V supply to I/Q mixer 500A PTAT reference current input (from X2112 or equivalent) GND for I/Q mixer + RF input - RF input SUB OSC (I/Q) OSCB (I/Q) OPA (I/Q) OPAB (I/Q) PORT NAME DESCRIPTION Substrate connection (GND) + LO input - LO input + Baseband output - Baseband output
2
_______________________________________________________________________________________
IF Amplifier with Variable Gain
_____________________Block Diagram ____________________________Features
o 24dB Gain o 800MHz Bandwidth o Over 40dB of Gain Range
X2112
MAX2100 Subcircuits
_________________________Description
IF IN OUT
AGC IN
X2112 IF AMPLIFIER WITH VARIABLE GAIN
The X2112 IF Amplifier with Variable Gain cell comprises a differential input amplifier with 10dB insertion gain, an AGC amp with 40dB of control range, and a second IF amp with 12dB gain. The differential input can be driven single-ended by proper AC grounding or by terminating the inverting input. There is sufficient linearity to provide IIP3 of +10dBm at minimum AGC setting. Cell Dimensions: 780m x 725m
KEY ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(TA = 0C to +70C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER Bandwidth (-3dB) Maximum Gain Minimum Gain Gain-Control Range Noise Figure Noise-Figure Variation Input Third-Order Intercept Input VSWR Output VSWR Supply Current ICC SYMBOL BW-3dB AVmax AVmin AV NF NF IIP3 CONDITIONS Max gain, Pin = -48dBm f = 650MHz, VAGC = max f = 650MHz, VAGC = min f = 650MHz f = 650MHz, VAGC = max Max gain to min gain f = 650MHz, max gain f = 650MHz, min gain Z0 = 50/side Z0 = 50/side 20 -35 +10 2:1 2:1 mA 40 15 18 1 22 -18 MIN TYP 800 MAX UNITS MHz dB dB dB dB dB/dB dBm
VCC = 5.0V 5%, RL = 1k, CL = 2pF
PORT LIST
PORT NAME VCC VEE SUB IP IPB K250 P250 MIX(I/Q) +5V supply Ground Substrate connection (ground) + IF input - IF input 250A constant reference current for X2118 250A PTAT reference current for X2118 500A PTAT reference current for X2111 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 DESCRIPTION PORT NAME AGCIP 2R5 OP OPB BGR VPTAT (I/Q)BIAS DESCRIPTION AGC control voltage input Bandgap-derived 2.5V output + IF output - IF output Bandgap reference (1.2V) output Voltage proportional to absolute T output 250A PTAT reference current for X2114
Dual 6-Bit ADCs (Megacell) MAX2100 Subcircuits
_____________________Block Diagram ____________________________Features
o Dual, 6-Bit, 120Msps Flash Architecture o Programmable Sample Rate o Excellent Dynamic Performance (5.8 effective bits at fIN = 30MHz) o Low Incidence of Metastable States
I INPUT ADC 6 I OUTPUT
o All Reference Generation Circuitry Included
_________________________Description
CLOCK IN /N CLOCK OUT
SAMPLE RATE
3
REF GEN
REF OUT
Q INPUT
ADC
6
Q OUTPUT
X2113
X2113 DUAL 6-BIT ADCs (MEGACELL)
The X2113 "Megacell" contains two 6-bit flash ADCs and associated reference and clock generation circuitry. The comparator array in each ADC contains 63 identical differential comparator and latch cells. The proprietary differential architecture minimizes integral linearity error and the occurrence of metastable states. The thermometer code output of the comparator array is translated into gray code using a fully differential wired-AND/wired-OR scheme. This maximizes noise immunity. The gray code is then converted to binary with a modified XOR array. The reference generator applies a precision bandgap signal to the differential ladder in the comparator array. Additional circuitry is provided to adjust the half-scale ladder voltage to the common-mode voltage of the differential input signal. A programmable divider allows the user to change sample rate from a fixed external-clock oscillator. Cell Dimensions: 2800m x 1500m
KEY ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(TA = 0C to +70C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER VCC = 5.0V 5% Maximum Sample Rate, Each Channel 0.1dB Bandwidth Effective Number of Bits Input Third-Order Intermod Settling Time Full-Scale Input Range Common-Mode Input Range Input Resistance Input Capacitance Amplitude Response Mismatch Aperture Uncertainty Aperture Delay Match, Channel-to-Channel SRmax BW0.1dB ENOB IM3 tTRAN VINFS VINcm RIN CIN A Channel-to-channel fS = 60Msps 2.25 5 2 0.3 80 20 fIN = 30MHz, fS = 60Msps, 95% FS f1 = 10MHz, FS-7dB; f2 = 12MHz, FS-7dB Full-scale to <1% 0.75 2.75 120 20 5.8 -38 10 Msps MHz Bits dBc ns V V k pF dB ps ps SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Dual 6-Bit ADCs (Megacell)
KEY ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(TA = 0C to +70C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER Input Offset Differential Nonlinearity Integral Nonlinearity Data Output High Data Output Low Supply Current SYMBOL VOS DNL INL VOH VOL ICC RL = 1M, CL = 15pF RL = 1M, CL = 15pF 80 2.4 0.5 100 CONDITIONS LSB = 24mV, either channel MIN TYP MAX 0.5 0.5 0.5 UNITS LSB LSB LSB V V mA
MAX2100 Subcircuits
PORT LIST
PORT NAME VCCAD VCCD VCCO VCCC SUBA SUBD VGNDAD VGNDDD VGNDDO VGNDC MCLK RCLK DCLK DCLKB DESCRIPTION +5V supply, quantizer +5V supply, digital +5V supply, outputs +5V supply, clock Substrate (ground), analog Substrate (ground), digital Ground connection, quantizer Ground connection, encoder Ground connection, output Ground connection, clock Master clock input Reference clock (div 6) output Data clock output Data clock complement output PORT NAME AIN (I/Q) AINB (I/Q) BGR D0 (I/Q) D1 (I/Q) D2 (I/Q) D3 (I/Q) D4 (I/Q) D5 (I/Q) BINEN S2 S1 S0 P250 (I/Q) - Analog input Bandgap reference output Digital output, LSB Digital output Digital output Digital output Digital output Digital output, MSB Binary enable/Two's complement Programmable sample-rate control, MSB Programmable sample-rate control Programmable sample-rate control, LSB 250A PTAT reference current input (from cell X2114 or equivalent) DESCRIPTION + Analog input
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5
Active Lowpass Filter MAX2100 Subcircuits
_____________________Block Diagram ____________________________Features
o 5-Pole Butterworth Response o Adjustable Cutoff Frequency o No External Components Required
X2114
INPUT OUTPUT
_________________________Description
The X2114 cell is an Active Lowpass Filter for anti-aliasing. The 5th-order Butterworth response is realized using a Gyrator topology. Cutoff frequency can be adjusted from 10MHz to 30MHz. Other pole-only filter characteristics, as well as different cutoff frequency ranges, can be designed by changing capacitor values. Filter cutoff-frequency control requires a linear PTAT voltage between 1V and 4V (at +27C). An on-chip reference generator provides the necessary voltage variation with temperature. Cell Dimensions: 620 x 780 + 260 x 520m
VTUNE
X2114 LOWPASS ACTIVE FILTER
KEY ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(TA = 0C to +70C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER VCC = 5.0V 5% Cutoff Frequency Minimum Cutoff Maximum Cutoff Passband Attenuation Stop-Band Attenuation Maximum Input Signal, p-p Supply Current Equivalent Input Noise fC fCMIN fCMAX APB ASB VIN (max) ICC en f = 5MHz, RS = 50 VTUNE = 2.1V, 3dB, TA = +25C VTUNE = 1V, 3dB, TA = +25C VTUNE = 4V, 3dB, TA = +25C f = 5MHz f = 2 x fC (with respect to signal level at f = 0.5 x fC) 27 30 2.5 58 30 0 2 16 24 10 MHz MHz MHz dB dB mV mA nV/Hz SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
PORT LIST
PORT NAME VCC VEE BIAS IP IPB SUB +5V supply Ground 250A PTAT reference current input (from X2112 or equivalent) + Input - Input Substrate connection (GND) DESCRIPTION PORT NAME OP REF1 REF ADC VTUNE Output Output reference Bandgap voltage in (from X2112 or equivalent) 250A PTAT reference current output for X2113 Tuning voltage input (PTAT) DESCRIPTION
6
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Differential Oscillator
_____________________Block Diagram ____________________________Features
o Oscillates from <400MHz to >700MHz o Low Phase Noise (-88dBc/Hz @ 10kHz Offset, Qr >20) o Differential Resonator Port for Immunity to Interference and Crosstalk
OUT
MAX2100 Subcircuits
X2116
EXT TANK
_________________________Description
The X2116 cell is a Differential Oscillator suitable for use as the LO in a receiver system. The differential inputs present a negative resistance for use with an external resonator. A differential topology is used to provide maximum interference rejection. Cell Dimensions: 520m x 260m
X2116 DIFFERENTIAL OSCILLATOR
KEY ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(TA = 0C to +70C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER VCC = 5.0V 5% Oscillation Frequency Phase Noise Floor Phase Noise Output Level, Differential, p-p Supply Current fC N N Vo ICC External resonator 20MHz off fC, 1Hz BW, Qr = 20 10MHz off fC, 1Hz BW, Qr = 20 CL = 1pF/side, RL = 10k/side 400 -140 -88 600 10 700 MHz dBc dBc mV mA SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
PORT LIST
PORT NAME VCC TNKA TNKB K125 VEE +5V supply Differential tank connection A Differential tank connection B 125A constant reference current input (from X2118 or equivalent) Ground DESCRIPTION PORT NAME OP OPB SUB P250 + Output - Output Substrate connection (GND) 250A PTAT reference current input (from X2118 or equivalent) DESCRIPTION
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7
Precision Quadrature Generator MAX2100 Subcircuits
_____________________Block Diagram ____________________________Features
o Precision Quadrature Generation (<1.5 at 650MHz) o Wide Input Frequency Range (400MHz to 700MHz)
X2118
0 -90 2 I OUT
_________________________Description
The X2118 Precision Quadrature Generator cell uses a delay-locked loop to provide tight amplitude and phase matching. The input from an external VCO drives a buffer and a delay line consisting of three electronically variable delay cells. The output of the delay line drives a second buffer identical to the first. The buffer outputs are compared by a phase detector whose error signal drives the variable delay cells to adjust the phase difference to 90. This method provides precise quadrature generation over the wide input frequency range of 400MHz to 700MHz. Cell Dimensions: 570m x 1800m
2
Q OUT
LO IN
X2118 PRECISION QUADRATURE GENERATOR
KEY ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(TA = 0C to +70C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER VCC = 5.0V 5% LO Frequency Output Phase Mismatch Output Level Output Amplitude Mismatch LO Input Level LO Input VSWR Supply Current ICC fLO Vo (pk-pk) Vo VLO ZC = 50 20 fLO = 650MHz -10 fLO = 650MHz 400 12 0 2:1 mA 400 700 1.5 MHz mV mV dBm SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
PORT LIST
PORT NAME VCC IP IPB VEE K250 SUB +5V supply + Input - Input GND 250A constant reference current input (from X2112 or equivalent) Substrate connection (GND) DESCRIPTION PORT NAME Q QB I IB P250 DESCRIPTION + Quadrature output - Quadrature output + Inphase output - Inphase output 250A PTAT reference current input (from X2112 or equivalent)
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
8 ___________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 737-7600 (c) 1995 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.

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